Direct centrifugation for detecting <i>Giardia</i> spp. cysts in filter backwash water

Abstract Pathogenic protozoa endanger human health and challenge water treatment, especially during outbreaks in developing countries. For instance, Giardia spp. cysts can recirculate the filter backwash (FBW), reinforcing relevance of their detection protocol negligible matrices. This study aimed to detect FBW by direct centrifugation (DC) immunomagnetic separation (IMS) with addition detergent dispersion solution ICN 7X at 1.0%. To do this, cyst suspensions were inoculated into samples (14 NTU), which was generated bench-scale drinking-water treatment high-turbidity (112 NTU). Furthermore, DC+ICN method compared calcium carbonate flocculation. provided cleaner microscope slides minor damage walls. The commercial suspension lamblia had an adequate recovery rate (19.5%). However, EasySeed® 7.8%, below required range Method 1623.1 (above 8%). High costs low efficiencies several methods for detecting cysts. Therefore, future studies should develop improve protocols, complex Detecting residues is crucial addressing current sanitation issues